施用改良剂对大庆盐碱土的改良效果研究

摘要

为控制棚室土壤盐渍化进程,实现大庆盐碱土可持续利用.通过田间小区试验,在等量石膏、 菌渣及硫酸铝基础上设置不同腐植酸用量处理,与定植前土壤盐分含量、pH值进行分析比较,以明确不同改良措施对盐碱土的改良效果.试验结果表明:施用4种改良剂的处理5(施用纯腐植酸1050 kg/hm2+石膏1050 kg/hm2+硫酸铝22.5 kg/hm2+食用菌菌渣30000 kg/hm2)使土壤全盐量由试验前的1.665 g/kg降低到0.851 g/kg;pH值由改良前9.32降低到8.35,下降近1个单位,由碱性变为微碱性;与处理1相比,其番茄增产19.2%,每公顷棚室增效50070.9元.相关分析表明,土壤全盐、pH值降低量均与纯腐植酸施用量呈一元二次回归关系.综上分析,处理5对盐碱土改良效果最佳,番茄产量、 效益最高,是大庆盐碱棚室最优化的综合改良施肥措施.%In order to control the process of salinization of greenhouse soil, maintain sustainable utilization of saline-alkali soil, one greenhouse amendment trial, with different rate of humic acid fertilizer combined gypsum, fungi mushroom resi-due and aluminum sulfate application, was conducted in Daqing city, Heilongjiang province. The content of soil salt and the pH value were detected prior and after applying the ameliorants, which could reveal the effect of soil improvement. The results showed that the total content of soil salt and the pH value were reduced from 1.665 g/kg to 0. 851 g/kg and from 9.32 to 8.35, respectively, in treatment 5 ( humic acid fertilizer 1050 kg/ha+gypsum 1050 kg/ha+aluminum sulfate 22.5 kg/ha+ fungi mushroom residue 30000 kg/ha ) . Tomato yield of it increased by 19. 2% compared with treatment 1 (N 180 kg/ha, P2O5180 kg/ha, K2O 75 kg/ha, swine manure 7. 5 t/ha) and economic profits increased by 50070. 9 yuan/ha. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a quadratic regressive relationship between the decrease rate of soil total salt content and pH value with humic acid application rate. Based on the above analysis we could see that treatment 5 was the optimized measure for improving saline-alkali soil, increasing tomato yield and economic profits.