元江县2008－2013年中小学校传染病疫情分析

摘要

[目的]分析2008-2013年元江县中小学校传染病疫情，为学校传染病预防控制工作提供决策依据。[方法]资料来源于《国家传染病疫情报告信息系统》数据，采用描述流行病学方法，对2008-2013年元江县中小学校传染病发病规律进行分析。[结果]2008-2013年元江县中小学校学生累计报告传染病病例1281例，以丙类传染病1105例为主（86.26%），乙类传染病176例（13.74%），无甲类传染病报告，乙和丙类发病差异有统计学意义。发病数乡镇构成以澧江镇（42.23%）为主，曼来镇（18.19%）次之；发病高峰在5-6月和11-12月；年龄发病以7～10岁为主；男女性别比为1：0.72，差异有统计学意义；以呼吸道传播（64.64%）为主，肠道（31.23%）次之；以小学（85.71%）为主，中学（14.29%）次之。发病顺位前5位的病种为流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、副伤寒、其他感染性腹泻、肺结核。[结论]重点做好高发乡镇和高发月份小学的学校卫生工作，有效控制呼吸道和肠道传染病的传播，能有效控制元江县学校传染病的发病率。%ObjectiveTo analyze infectious diseases epidemic situation in primary and middle school from 2008 to 2013 in Yuanjiang county so as to provide the decision basis for infectious diseases prevention and control in schools.Methods The data was from “National Infectious Diseases Epidemic Situation Report Information System”. Analyzed occurrence regularity of infectious diseases in schools from 2008 to 2013 by descriptive epidemiology method. ResultsThere were 1281 cases accumulated reports of infectious diseases in primary and middle schools from 2008 to 2013 in Yuanjiang county. Main was C-class infectious diseases with 1105 cases(86.26%), category B infectious diseases was 176 cases (13.74%),there was no category A report. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of category B and C. Main township of incidence was in Lijiang (42.23%), the second was Manlai(18.19%).The peak incidence time was in May to June, and Nov. to Dec. The age was from 7 to 10 years old. There was statistically significant difference in sex, and sex ratio was 1:0.72. Main spread was respiratory tract (64.64%), second was intestinal tract (31.23%). Main patients were from primary school (85.71%), second was from middle school (14.29%). The incidence of top 5 diseases was mumps, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, paratyphoid fever, infectious diarrhea and tuberculosis. Conclusions Pay more attention to sanitary work in schools in occurred frequently townships and season. Effectively control the spread of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases, so as to effectively control the rates of infectious disease in Yuanjiang county.