我国失能老人的长期照料需求与供给分析

摘要

The data used in this study is from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHRALS)in 2011. Through analyzing the demand and supply of long - term care of disabled elder,this article shows the current life situation of disabled elderly and puts up with policies to solve the contradiction between supply and demand. The result shows that 13. 02 percent elder those activity of daily living are damaged,and must rely on others to provide care for life. As the growth of the age,the likelihood of disability increased. The rural people have more demand of long - term care than the urban. Womenˊs care needs are more 2. 33 percent than menˊs. Most disabled elderly rely mainly on family - based care;institutional care resources are scarce,structural imbalanced;and community care is at an early stage of development. Based on disabled elderly own special characteristics and economic and social environment,our country should continue to encourage and support family caregivers,while vigorously explore the development of appropriate community care services.%本文利用2011年“中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHRALS）”的数据，通过对我国失能老人的照料需求与供给的分析，揭示出我国失能老人的生活现状并针对供需之间的矛盾提出解决的对策。研究结果表明我国有13.02℅的老年人由于日常生活活动能力受损，表现为失能状态，需要他人提供日常生活照料；随着年龄的增长，失能的可能性加大；农村照料需求高于城镇，女性的照料需求比男性高出2.33℅。大多数失能老人主要依靠家庭照料为主；机构照料资源匮乏，结构失调；社区照料更是处于起步发展阶段。基于失能老人自身特征及我国特殊的经济社会环境，应建立以家庭照料为基础，社区照料和机构照料相融合的长期照料服务体系。