The new rural cooperative medical system(hereinafter referred to as〝 NCMS 〝)has been nearly a decade from 2003,first pilot to implement. In order to solve the problems of difficulties and high expense in farmersˊ medical care area. The NCMS has made some achievements,and the discussion about it has never stopped. In the practice,the 〝 NCMS〝 has played a positive role for farmersˊ medical care. According to the research data from subject field the author involved in,the article found that although the compensation standards was relatively munificent,but the evaluation of the benefit farmers policy from farmers was not high,which resulting in the lack of farmers subjectivity in the institutional practice Research suggests that as the participation and benefit dominant position,the farmers should fully be respected,and the main role of farmers in institutional practice should be cultivated and built up.%以解决农民“看病贵、看病难”的新型农村合作医疗制度（以下简称“新农合”）从2003年试点到推行至今已逾10年，取得了一定程度的成就，对其制度的讨论也从未间断过。具体推行的实践中，“新农合”对农民的就医起到过积极作用。文章根据笔者参与有关课题调研的田野资料，发现尽管补偿标准相对比较优厚，而农民对于这一惠农政策的评价并不高，致使制度实践中农民主体性的缺失。研究认为应充分尊重农民作为参与和受益的主体地位，并培育和构建起农民在制度实践中的主体性作用。
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