日本、德国和瑞典三国公共养老金虽然制度模式存在较大差异，但在人口老龄化不断加深的背景下采取了较为一致的待遇调整规则：在缴费率和替代率水平双重约束下，引入反映人口结构变化的可持续因子以实现制度的自平衡。考虑到三国涵盖 DB和 DC 两种不同的待遇给付方式，本文通过分析三国养老金调整机制的发展历程和运行实践，从缴费率、替代率水平、代际风险分担和政府负担程度等四个方面，对不同待遇给付方式下引入人口因子的养老金调整机制运行效果进行比较分析，通过经验总结以期为其他国家调整机制的完善提供借鉴。%Germany,Japan and Sweden have significant difference in their public pension system,but they use almost similar benefit adjustment rules under the background of the population aging. With the double constraints of the contribution rate and replacement rate,they have introduced the sustainable factor to restore the financial balance of pension system. Due to the different benefit payment methods( DB and DC),the article analyzes the development course and operation practice,and compares the operation effects of the benefit adjustment mechanism through these four aspects,including contribution rate,replacement rate,intergenerational risk sharing and the degree of government burden. Finally,it aims at provide reference for other countries’adjustment mechanisms by summing up the experience.
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