唐代古文运动视域下的《孟子》研究

摘要

Tang dynasty was an important period of studying Mencius besides Han dynasty and Jin dynasty.The revival of Mencius study in Tang dynasty was closely related to the popularization of classics and the Classical Prose Movement.“The Upgrade Movement of Master Meng”began in the middle time of Tang dynasty,which could be proved by both the discussion about the upgrade of Mencius and the specific studies of it.The notes about Mencius included Notes to Mencius by Lu Shan-j ing,Pronunciations and Meanings in Mencius by Zhang Yi,Characters and Pronunciations by Ding Gong-zhuo and the time mainly lasted before and after the Rebellion of An-shi,which was the beginning time of the Classi-cal Prose Movement and the classics study returning to the ancient time.The interpretations about Mencius included Com-ments on Master Meng by Li Jing-jian,Understanding of Master Meng by Liu Ke,Continuation to Master Meng by Lin Shen-si,the three of whom were the important participators in the Classical Prose Movement.In short,the revival of Mencius study in Tang dynasty was the result of the co-work of the classics study returning to ancient time and the ori-entation change of literature.%唐代是继汉晋之后出现的又一个研究《孟子》的重要时期，唐代《孟子》研究的复兴与其时经学风气的转变、古文运动的展开紧密相连。“孟子升格运动”肇始于中唐，这不仅体现在开始出现将《孟子》升格为“经”的议论，也体现在对于《孟子》的具体研究之中。在《孟子》的注疏方面，陆善经撰《孟子注》，张镒撰《孟子音义》，丁公著撰《孟子手音》，时间都集中在安史之乱前后，即唐代古文运动和经学变古初起之时。在《孟子》的阐释方面，有李景俭《孟子评》、刘轲《翼孟》、林慎思《续孟子》等三部著作，而三人全都是唐代古文运动的重要参与者。《孟子》研究在唐代的复兴，是经学变古和文学转向共同交织的结果。