船舶水润滑橡胶轴承润滑特性研究

摘要

以船舶水润滑橡胶轴承为研究对象，利用数值计算方法对水润滑轴承流固耦合模型进行求解。重点分析橡胶衬层弹性变形、不同材料模型对水润滑轴承动压润滑特性的影响，并就水槽结构对水润滑轴承润滑性能的影响进行了研究。计算结果表明：橡胶衬层弹性变形对水润滑轴承的润滑特性有显著的影响，橡胶材料的不同模型对水润滑轴承的影响规律相似，但造成的弹流润滑效果差异不可忽略；水槽结构会破坏水膜压力的连续性，造成水润滑轴承承载能力的降低，在进行水润滑轴承的研究时不可将其忽略；合理的轴承安装位置有利于改善转子轴心轨迹和静平衡位置，从而提高水润滑轴承本身的润滑性能和承载能力。最后，结合摩擦学实验研究了水润滑橡胶轴承的润滑机理，并指出数值分析结果与相关实验结论具有良好的一致性。%A fluid-structure interaction model of marine water-lubricated rubber bearings is numerically solved. Impact of elastic deformation of rubber liner and other material models on the hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings is analyzed, and the law of grooves influencing lubrication characteristics is studied. Calculation results show that elastic deformation causes significant impact on the lubrication characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings and lubrication performances corresponding to different material models seem similar. But there is significant difference between the two material models in EHL effects, which cannot be ignored. The grooves will damage the pressure continuity on water film and result in the reduction of carrying capacity of water-lubricated rubber bearings. Mounting position of bearing which is rationally designed will be beneficial for improving rotor axis trajectory and static equilibrium position, and enhances hydrodynamic lubrication performance and carrying capacity of water-lubricated rubber bearings. Finally, the lubrication mechanism of water-lubricated bearing is experimentally analyzed. It is shown that the numerical analysis results have good consistency with relevant experimental conclusion.