水下脉冲噪声源定位原理与方法研究

摘要

The impulsive vibration and sound signal is induced when the heavy objects falling from the water surface shock the water bottom .The research on accurately locating underwater impulsive noise sources will serve to find the ob‐jects .The security of channel will be guaranteed after cleaning the located barrier objects .A four‐sensor acoustic locating system is introduced which can position acoustic source accurately and rapidly .The method of four‐sensor acoustic locating system is introduced as well as its validity is verified by numerical simulations .Direct calculation due to analytical formula combined with radius searching method is applied in simulations .The high positioning accuracy ,especially the azimuth ,is obtained .The accurate results show its potential application in engineering .Some influence factors effecting positioning accu‐racy are discussed .The research can be a solution for positioning underwater impulsive acoustic sources .%重物从江河湖海的水面落水着底的瞬间，通常会产生脉冲噪声，并激发海底振动。研究高精度水下脉冲声定位原理和方法，就是为了发现落水重物并确定其着底位置，以便快速打捞或其他处置作业，这对于保证航道畅通以及安全防护具有重大意义。四传感器声学定位系统具有反应速度快和定位精确的优势，论文研究了基于四传感器声学定位系统的工作原理并进行了仿真验证。仿真验证采用理论公式直接计算和半径搜索法相结合的方式进行定位，表明四传感器声学定位系统定位快速且精度高，尤其是定位脉冲声源的方位角精度很高，具有工程应用前景。论文还讨论了影响定位精度的若干因素，为声学定位系统定位水下脉冲噪声源提供了一种解决方案。