厌氧发酵过程中产氢菌源的预处理方法及其影响因素

摘要

Microorganisms can make use of many kinds of organic materials including industrial and agricultural wastes to produce hydrogen through anaerobic fermentation. The process is thought to have a tremendous application prospect and a good development potential for its little energy input and low cost. Whereas there some problems for an application goal, such as low degradation rate of substrate and difficulty to cultivate hydrogenogens of anaerobic fermentation. This paper summarizes technologies of screening hydrogenogens from mixed inoculums of the anaerobic fermentation,and makes a comparison among different methods,including physical pretreatments(heat,microwave,sonication,ultraviolet,freezing and thawing,aeration),chemical pretreatments( acid and base,chemical reagents)and electricity pretreatments. But each method has its own disadvantages,so in the end,the development direction of the screening technologies is discussed. Besides the pretreatment methods,this artcle summaries the factors influcing the biohydrogen production such as pH, temperature,hydraulic retention time,ferrous iron concentration,ratio of c/ N/ P and so on.%厌氧发酵制氢可利用包括工农业废弃物在内的多种有机物作为基质产生氢气。其优点是耗能少，成本低廉，有巨大的应用前景和发展潜力。但在实际应用中，存在着基质利用率较低、发酵产氢微生物不易获得和培养等问题。本文综述了厌氧发酵产氢过程中的混合菌筛选技术，比较了不同的预处理方法，包括物理处理（热处理、微波，超声，紫外、冷冻解冻、曝气处理）、化学处理（酸碱处理、化学试剂）和电处理等，但是，不同的预处理方法中仍存在不同的缺陷，在此基础上对厌氧发酵产氢的预处理过程提供了全新的发展方向。除了菌源的预处理之外，影响厌氧发酵过程的因素还有很多，例如 pH 值、温度、水力停留时间、Fe2+浓度以及c / N/ P 比例等，本文逐一介绍了这些因素对厌氧发酵过程中的影响。