早春漫灌对苹果园空气和土壤温湿度的影响

摘要

To provide theoretical bases for the defense of apple spring frost,the influences of irrigation in early spring on temperature and humidity of air and soil in apple orchard were analyzed.The results showed that the daily average temperature,average maximum air temperature,heating rate in daytime,daily range of temperature and air temperature at night at 0.5 meter above the ground lowered 2.62℃,3.02℃,29.53%, 3.23℃and 2.32℃ respectively by irrigation compared with control,and the effects could sustain 3 days.The air temperature at night at 1 .5 m and 3.0 m above the ground raised 0.83℃ and 1 .21 ℃ respectively after ir-rigation compared with control,but the effect just sustained 1 day.The relative air humidity of the orchard in-creased by 4.58 percentage points by irrigation compared with control,and the humidifying effect could sus-tain 3 days.The cooling effect of irrigation on 0 ~20 cm depth soil was the most obvious,and the daily average soil temperature decreased 0.90℃ compared with control.The daily maximum soil temperature of 0 ~20,20 ~40 cm and 40 ~60 cm depth soil decreased 1 .33℃,0.27℃ and 0.38℃,the average daily range of soil tempera-ture decreased 0.85℃,0.65℃ and 0.09℃,and the soil temperature at night decreased 1 .62℃,0.09℃ and 0.27℃ respectively compared with control,and the regulating effects of irrigation on temperature and humidity of soil could sustain one week.%本试验通过测定苹果园早春灌水后不同层次空气和土壤的温湿度，研究早春漫灌对苹果园环境温湿度的影响。结果表明：灌水降低了距地面0．5 m 处的日平均气温、平均最高气温、白天回温速率、气温日较差以及夜间气温，分别较对照降低2．62℃、3．02℃、29．53％、3．23℃和2．32℃，灌水的调节效应能维持3 d；1．5 m 和3．0 m 冠层夜间气温则分别较对照提高了0．83℃和1．21℃，升温效应能维持1 d；灌水后果园空气相对湿度较对照平均提高4．58个百分点，增湿效应能维持3 d。灌水对0～20 cm 土层的降温效应最明显，平均日地温较对照降低了0．90℃；灌水后0～20、20～40、40～60 cm 土层的日最高温度分别较对照降低1．33℃、0．27℃、0．38℃；平均土壤温度日较差分别较对照降低0．85℃、0．65℃、0．09℃，夜间土壤温度分别较对照降低了1．62℃、0．09℃、0．27℃。灌水对土壤温湿度的调节效应能维持1周。