不同栽培模式对冬小麦籽粒产量及氮素利用效率的影响

摘要

Using large -spike winter wheat cultivar Tainong 18 as material,3 cultivation patterns,inclu-ding farmer conventional cultivation pattern (FP),super high yield cultivation pattern (SH)and high yield and high efficiency cultivation pattern (HH),were set to explore the effects of different cultivation patterns on grain yield formation,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE),nitrogen uptake efficiency (UPE),nitrogen utilization efficiency (UTE),above -ground nitrogen accumulation(AGN),nitrogen harvest index (NHI)and grain ni-trogen concentration (GNC)under different fertility levels.The cultivation pattern and physiological basis to coordinately increase both grain yield and NUE were aimed at.The results showed that at the medium fertility level,the two -year average yields of FP,SH and HH were 8.05,8.94 and 8.56 t/hm2 respectively;the grain yields of SH and HH were 11.06% and 6.34% higher than that of FP respectively,while that of HH was 4.25% lower than that of SH.At the high fertility level,the two -year average yields of FP,SH and HH were 8.38,9.66,9.30 t/hm2 respectively;the grain yields of SH and HH were 15.27% and 10.98% higher than that of FP respectively,while that of HH was 3.73% lower than that of SH.At the medium fertility lev-el,the two -year average NUE of FP,SH and HH were 19.97,15.08 and 22.82 kg/kg respectively,the NUE of HH was 14.27%,51.33% higher than that of FP and SH respectively.At the high fertility level,the two -year average NUE of FP,SH and HH were 17.79,13.87 and 20.90 kg/kg,the NUE of HH was 17.48% and 50.68% higher than that of FP and SH respectively.The SH obtained the highest grain yield, but its NUE was the lowest of all 3 cultivation patterns.The HH increased the NUE significantly by increasing the UPE and UTE.Compared with FP,the grain yield of HH increased significantly.In contrast to SH,the grain yield of HH maintained at high level.The process of yield formation and nitrogen uptake -utilization could be coordinated through integrating and optimizing cultivation pattern to increase the grain yield and nitro-gen use efficiency coordinately.%以大穗型冬小麦品种泰农18为材料，在不同地（肥）力条件下，设置农民习惯（FP）、超高产（SH）、高产高效（HH）三种栽培模式，主要研究不同地（肥）力水平下各栽培模式对小麦产量形成特点、氮素利用效率（NUE）、氮素吸收效率（UPE）、氮素转化效率（UTE）、地上部氮素积累量（AGN）、氮素收获指数（NHI）、籽粒含氮量（GNC）的影响，旨在探讨协同提高冬小麦产量及氮素利用效率的栽培模式及其生理基础。结果表明，中肥力条件下 FP、SH、HH 三种栽培模式两年的平均产量分别为8．05、8．94、8．56 t／hm2，SH、HH 模式较 FP 模式分别增产11．06％、6．34％，HH 模式较 SH 模式减产4．25％；高肥力条件下 FP、SH、HH 三种栽培模式两年平均产量分别为8．38、9．66、9．30 t／hm2，SH、HH 模式较 FP 模式分别增产15．27％、10．98％，HH 模式较 SH 模式减产3．73％。中肥力条件下 FP、SH、HH 三种栽培模式两年的平均 NUE 分别为19．97、15．08、22．82 kg／kg，HH 模式的 NUE 分别比 FP、SH 模式提高14．27％、51．33％；高肥力条件下 FP、SH、HH 三种栽培模式两年的平均 NUE 分别为17．79、13．87、20．90 kg／kg，HH 模式的 NUE 分别比 FP、SH 模式提高17．48％、50．68％。超高产模式在三种模式中获得最高产量，但氮素利用效率显著低于另外两种模式，高产高效模式通过提高氮素吸收效率和氮素转化效率从而大幅度提高氮素利用效率，其产量比当地农民传统栽培模式显著提高，与超高产模式比较维持了较高的产量水平，说明通过栽培模式的优化，可以协调产量形成和氮素吸收利用两个过程，获得产量与氮素利用效率的协同提高。