三维构造演化研究进展及其应用前景

摘要

The modeling of structural evolution are currently upgrading from the two-dimensional to three-dimensional techniques. As a frontier technique, the three-dimensional technique has many advantages in applicability,accuracy,visibility and application,and thus may contribute to structural restoration,stratigraphic correlation,reservoir assessment,hydrocarbon migration and exploration. The present paper deals,in detail,with the history,current states and future development of the three-dimensional technique in the structural modeling. Combined with geometric and geomechanic techniques,the reconstructed geological models are highly accurate, and closely analogous to the real geological bodies. Although some developments have been made in the limited extent of petroleum exploration,a number of problems in the three-dimensional structural modeling remain to be resolved. Future research should be directed to the knotty problems in the three-dimensional structural modeling such as a wider range of application of the three-dimensional technique,displacement caused by the restoration of several faults with different directions of dip,and horizontal rotation of fault blocks in removing the fault throws of the complicated faults in the three-dimensional structural modeling.%构造演化研究目前正在由二维向三维过渡。三维构造演化研究作为本领域的技术前沿与发展趋势，在适用性、精确度、可视性及应用等方面都有着巨大优势。本文阐述了三维构造演化研究的发展历程、研究现状和应用前景，从三维构造建模和三维构造恢复两方面对研究现状进行重点介绍。三维构造演化研究将几何学与地质力学结合起来，使地质模型非常接近真实的地质体，构造恢复的准确性也大大提高。该方法在油气勘探方面已经取得了可喜的成果，但同时也存在着一系列亟需解决的问题。三维构造演化的研究难以在大范围区域内展开、对多条不同倾向断层的恢复会导致模型发生位移以及消除复杂断层的断距时会使断块发生水平旋转。