为阐明林窗和凋落物对云杉人工林更新的作用,在川西米亚罗人工云杉林制造林窗(40 m2).通过对林窗环境因子进行动态监测,并跟踪调查天然下种、人工播种和去凋落物播种3种方式的云杉种子萌发和幼苗存活情况,以及进行云杉凋落物水浸液对其种子萌发及根、茎生长影响的室内观察,对林窗与凋落物对云杉种子萌发和幼苗存活的影响进行研究.结果表明:林窗环境具有异质性；林窗位置以及播种方式对种子萌发和幼苗存活都有影响,天然下种(2.75株·m-2)和去凋落物播种(21.25株·m-2)均在林窗中心幼苗萌发数量最多,人工播种(10.75株·m-2)在林窗边缘种子萌发数量多；靠近林窗中心位置幼苗死亡率略低；3种播种方式以天然下种种子萌发数量最少,去凋落物播种最多.云杉凋落物水浸液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著抑制作用,对根和茎生长的抑制率分别是68.62%和66.39%.初步认为,林窗有利于森林更新；可采取人工播种措施促进更新；凋落物对云杉人工林更新产生不利影响.%Forest gaps and litter are two important factors which have influence on forest regeneration. Forest gaps(40 m ) were artificially created in spruce plantations in Miyaluo, Western Sichuan. In this paper, changes in environmental factors were monitored, and germination and survival of the seedlings were measured to test the effects of natural seeding and artificial seeding, as well as wiping out litter on germination and growth of seedlings. This paper also determined the effects of plantation litter aqueous extracts on germination and seedling growth. Our main purpose is to investigate the effects of forest gaps and litter on germination and survival of seedlings, which would lend evidence to clarify the effects of forest gaps and litter on plantation regeneration, explore the factors which influence regeneration of spruce plantations and provide scientific evidence for sustainable management of alpine plantations. The results showed that: 1) the environment in the forest gap was heterogeneous; 2) forest gaps and seeding treatments had effects on both germination and survival of seedlings. For natural seeding and artificial seeding without litter, germination was highest in the center of a gap, which had 2. 75 seedling-m'2 and 21. 25 seedling-m"2 respectively, while for artificial seeding, the highest germination was in the edge of a forest gap, which had 10. 75 seedling-m"2. Seedling mortality was slightly lower in the area surrounding the center of a gap. Natural seeding had the lowest number of germination, while artificial seeding without litter had the highest. 3 ) Plantation litter aqueous extracts had significant negative effects on germination and seedling growth of Picea asperata, and the inhibition of root length and shoot length were 68.62% and 66.39% , respectively. Based on the results, it was concluded that; forest gaps were beneficial to forest regeneration; artificial seeding could be used to promote regeneration; litter had negative effects on regeneration of spruce plantations.
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