[目的]调查湖南九龙江国家森林公园内白鹇不同季节的栖息地选择特征,分析其栖息地选择的季节性差异,探讨白鹇在不同生活史阶段对栖息地的需求及成因,丰富对栖息地选择的认识,为白鹇种群的保护工作提供基础资料.[方法]基于春夏秋冬四季的实地调查,采用比较实际利用和可获得生境样方法,共测定105个利用样方和91个对照样方的21个生境参数,通过 Vanderlooeg 和 Scavia选择指数、资源选择函数、逐步判别分析对所采集的数据进行分析.[结果]在坡度选择上,白鹇对15° ~30°和30° ~45°的生境都表现出较好的选择性;在坡位方面,春夏秋三季几乎随机选择,只有冬季偏好下坡位;在海拔方面,白鹇夏季喜欢在较高海拔处活动,而冬季倾向在较低海拔处活动.春季主要影响因素为草本高度、落果丰富度和无脊椎动物丰度,正确预测率为88.5%;夏季主要影响因素为乔木层郁闭度、无脊椎动物丰度和可取食植物丰度,正确预测率为92.5%;秋季主要影响因素为落果丰富度和无脊椎动物丰度,正确预测率为93.8%;冬季主要影响因素为海拔、灌木盖度、落果丰富度、可取食植物丰度和裸地面积比,正确判别率为100%.[结论]白鹇春季栖息地选择主要受食物来源、繁殖期生境需求、降水影响;夏季主要影响因素为育雏期生境需求和食物来源;秋季主要受食物来源和隐蔽性影响;冬季主要受上层植被隐蔽性和食物可获得性影响.决定白鹇四季生境选择差异性的原因,主要为安全因素和食物因素.植被的郁闭度、草本盖度、取食条件等的季节变化,影响白鹇对植被类型、乔木高度、食物种类等的选取,从而使白鹇的栖息地选择发生季节变化.建议参照不同季节的生境要求,对白鹇采取有针对性的保护措施.%[Objective]From April 2013 to January 2014,the habitat selection feature of silver pheasant in different seasons was investigated in Jiulongjiang National Forest Park,Hunan. The study analyzed seasonal variation,explored the habitat demand and the causes of silver pheasant at different life cycle stages,in order to provide a basis for future protection and to enrich the habitat selection theory.[Method] Through the field survey in four seasons,habitat characteristics of 105 utilized samples and 91 comparing samples were observed to determine the main ecological factors affecting habitat selection in this species. The collected data were analyzed by means of Vanderlooeg & Scavia selection index,resource selection functions and stepwise discriminant analysis. [Result]The analysis result showed that in the aspect of terrain,the slope ranges of 15° -30° and 31° -45°were preferred by silver pheasant. As for slope position,the lower slope was preferred in winter but random selection in the other seasons. As for altitude,the bird preferred higher altitudes in summer,but lower altitudes in winter. In spring,herb average height,fruits abundance and invertebrate abundance were the main ecological factors affecting silver pheasant habitat selection. The predicted accuracy was 88.5%. In summer,tree coverage,invertebrate abundance and plant food abundance were the main ecological factors.The predicted accuracy was 92.5%. In autumn,fruits abundance and invertebrate abundance were the main ecological factors and the predicted accuracy was 93.8%. In winter,the main factors were altitude,shrub coverage,fruits abundance,plant food abundance and proportion of bareness,and the predicted accuracy was 100%.[Conclusion]Spring habitat selection of silver pheasant is mainly affected by food sources,breeding habitat requirements and abundant rainfall. Summer habitat selection is mainly offected by brood stage habitat needs and food sources. Autumn habitat selection is mainly affected by food sources and shelter. Winter habitat selection is mainly affected by the upper vegetation and food availability. The different selection of different seasons is mainly weighed by the two factors: food and safety. In different seasons,the vegetation canopy density,herb cover and feeding conditions all change,which influences the silver pheasant to select the vegetation type,tree height and food,thereby forming the seasonal variation on habitat selection. Thus we should carry out targeted protective measures according to the habitat requirement of different season.
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