首都博物馆空气中细菌的分离鉴定及在文物保护中的意义

摘要

首都博物馆是北京市的窗口单位,应该营造一个舒适健康的环境,不仅保护公众健康,而且有利于文物保存,因此对博物馆内空气中微生物进行分离和鉴定具有重要意义。对首都博物馆内空气中微生物进行采样,分离鉴定优势细菌28株,由形态、生理生化及分子生物学结合鉴定。前两项确定细菌的基本形貌和特征,分子生物学方法得到28株细菌的16S rDNA序列与Genbank中标准序列对比进一步确定种属,鉴定出所有菌与已知菌的同源性均在99%以上,且均为条件致病菌。在正常条件下不能够导致传染类疾病的发生,对观众和工作人员安全。在鉴定细菌种类的同时,根据其固体培养特征和生理生化特点,从现象到机理本质分析了细菌可能对文物造成的危害。以上工作为博物馆空气质量监测、文物保护保存环境提供参考。%The air-borne microorganisms in the Capital Museum have been sampled and 28 of these were analyzed.These bacteria were indentified by their morphology,biochemistry and molecular biological information.The basic characteristics of the bacteria were described by their morphological and biochemical properties.16S rDNA sequences of 28 bacteria have been obtained using molecular biological techniques.These bacterial sequences were compared with standard information in Genbank.The identification was suggested when the sequence of the bacteria matched that of known homologous bacteria to a degree of 99% or higher.Under normal conditions,these bacteria will not cause infectious disease,and therefore are safe to museum visitors and staff.In addition,the phenomenon and mechanisms of the bacteria and their possible damage to cultural relics have been assessed based on its growth characteristics and their physical and biochemical properties.The work above can provide references for air quality monitoring and the protection of cultural relics and their display environment.