国家自然科学基金分配中的'马太效应'及其变化分析

摘要

国家自然科学基金是我国科研基金体系中的重要组成部分,其资金分配问题一直备受关注.通过"基尼系数"这一反映贫富差距的经济学指标变化趋势,对2001-2015年国家自然科学基金分配中的"马太效应"进行了实证分析.结果表明,资助额度越高的项目,基尼系数越大,在资金分配过程中的"马太效应"越明显.国家自然科学基金中的"重点"、"杰青"项目与"面上"、"青年"项目相比,具有更明显的优势累积现象,但"青年"项目的基尼系数自2009年以来呈逐渐下降趋势,其资金分配日趋合理.最后,基于上述研究结果,对国家自然科学基金分配中"马太效应"的合理性进行了分析,并就基金的合理分配提出了相关建议.%The National Natural Science Foundation is an important part of Chinese scientific research fund system,the allocation of funds has been the concern.The trend of "Gini coefficient" which reflects the gap between rich and poor economic indicators,2001-2015 years of National Natural Science Fund Allocation in the "Matthew effect" has carried on the empirical analysis.The results show that the higher the amount of funding for the project,the Gini coefficient is,in the allocation of funds in the process embodied by the "Matthew effect" is obvious.The National Natural Science Foundation of the "key",the "outstanding" project and the "face","Youth" project has more obvious advantage accumulation phenomenon,but the "Gini the coefficient of youth" project since 2009 show a decreasing trend,the allocation of funds is more reasonable.Finally,based on the above results,the National Natural Science Fund Allocation in the "Matthew effect" Rational analysis and reasonable allocation of funds put forward related suggestions.