国家治理方式和治理能力的制度化--权力清单制度的设计与完善

摘要

The power list system is the manifestation of reforming the ways of governing the country and the institutionalization of the governing capacity. Before the implementation of the system, there are some problems in China, such as excessive and abused power of the government, capricious power assignment, confusion of responsibilities of government organs and so on, but in the pilot areas where the system is implemented, the above problems have not been well settled yet. The power list system is a result of the positive interaction among the government, market and society. Firstly, the government should formulate "power lists" based on the exercise of power within the range allowed by the constitution and the laws;secondly, the government should formulate"nega-tive lists"in order to provide the market with a second chance;fi-nally, the society, including individuals and non-governmental organizations, plays a role of communication, supervision and bridging between the government and market, and it should use the strength of the society to formulate"responsibility lists".%权力清单制度是革新国家治理方式和治理能力的制度化的表现。在权利清单实行前，我国存在着政府权力过大且易滥用、随意设置权力、政府部门职责不清等问题，而在公布权力清单的试点地区并未很好地解决这些现象。权力清单制度的设置是一个政府、市场、社会三方良性互动的结果。政府首先要在宪法、法律范围内行使权力，制定“权力清单”；其次政府要给市场预留空间，制定“负面清单”；最后，社会包括个人和非政府组织在政府和市场中起到沟通、监督和桥梁的作用，利用社会的力量，制定出“责任清单”。