对比分析了国内外焊接构架设计标准,指出ASME标准中的主S-N曲线法是复杂焊接结构焊接接头应力集中分析与疲劳寿命预测的科学方法.采用该方法和TSI中的疲劳载荷对某货车三轴转向架焊接构架焊接接头应力集中进行了分析,结果表明,构架侧梁、心盘梁和横梁内的加强筋板与焊缝的相交处是焊接接头应力集中的主要发生部位.以降低焊缝应力集中为结构设计改进思路,对构架重新进行了设计,改进方案构架焊缝的应力集中得到相当大的缓解,应力幅值最大降低了75 MPa,疲劳加载3个阶段焊缝的累积损伤均小于0.25.%The design standards for the welded frames in China and abroad are compared and analyzed. It is pointed out that the main S-N curve method in the ASME standard is a scientific method for stress concentration analysis and fatigue life prediction of welded joints in complex welded structures. The method and the fatigue load in TSI are used to analyze the stress concentration in welded joints in the welded frames of the 3-axled freight car bogies, and the result shows that the intersections of reinforcement plates and welds in the side sills of frames, center plate sills and transversal beams are the main positions where stress concentration happens. Reduction of stress concentration in welds being as the thought of improving the structure design, the frame is redesigned. In the improved scheme, the stress concencration in welds in frames is considerably relieved, the maximum reduction of the stress amplitude is 75 Mpa, and the accumulated damages to the welds in the three stages of fatigue loading are all less than 0. 25.
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