不同行业以及同一行业在不同国家(地区)存在不同的价值链曲线.考虑到研发、制造和营销环节的附加值无法直接得到,本文以这3个环节的投入与利润间的回归系数代表附加值水平,通过绘制7个制造业细分行业的价值链曲线发现:(1)"微笑曲线"并非制造业价值链曲线的普遍特征,制造业价值链曲线存在着从U型到倒U型的8种情形;(2)形成这8种情形的主要原因在于价值链曲线各环节劳动生产率的高低,而国内、国际市场起着调节作用;(3)向研发和营销两端升级并非制造业升级路径的普遍选择,不同制造业应参考价值链曲线选择升级方向.%Different manufacturing industries or the same industry in different countries(regions)have their own value chain curves.As it is unavailable for added values of three links(R&D,manufacturing and marketing), this paper calculates the regression coefficients between the costs of three links and profits instead of added values, to draw the value chain curves of seven typical manufacturing industries.The study draws two main conclusions as follows.Firstly,the"smiling curve"is not the general characteristics of manufacturing industries.There are eight kinds of chain curves from the"U"shape to the"inverted U"shape.Secondly,the main reason for the above situation lies in the different labor productivity and market regulation at home and abroad.Thirdly,upgrading from the R&D and marketing is not universal,which means that different manufacturing industries should choose the upgrade direction according to its value chain curve.
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