完善海洋伏季休渔制度的探讨--基于东海与浙江省的实践

摘要

The marine summer closed ifshing season system is currently the most important marine ifshery resource protection and management system, and it becomes an important measure to conserve marine biological resources, construct marine ecological civilization and promote the sustainable development of marine fisheries. Based on the comparison of the marine summer closed ifshing season systems between the East China Sea and Zhejiang Province, this research discussed how to improve the marine summer closed fishing season system. Results show that the characteristics of the marine summer closed ifshing season system of the East China Sea were extended closed ifshing season, increased ifshing gears and methods for and reifned closed ifshing area. While the main characteristics of the marine summer closed ifshing season system in Zhejiang Province were the summer closed ifshing season of“set-net”and“stow net”, closed protected ifshing area, closed ifshing for protecting speciifc biological resources, and included ifshery support vessels in the marine summer closed ifshing season system. Compared with the marine summer closed ifshing system of the East China Sea, the practice in Zhejiang have more advantages, providing a useful inspiration for constructing protected marine organism areas, extending the closed ifshing season and managing ifshery support vessels. Lastly, on the basis of the periodical closed ifshing season system, this paper also provides some policy recommendations of establishing diversiifed closed ifshing season to improve the marine summer closed ifshing system and sustainable development of inshore ifshery, including closed ifshing in marine protected areas, closed ifshing season for special ifsh resources, and temporary closed ifshing season.%海洋伏季休渔制度是目前我国最重要的海洋渔业资源保护管理制度，已经成为我国养护海洋生物资源、建设海洋生态文明、促进海洋渔业可持续发展的重要举措。通过对东海与浙江省伏季休渔制度历次完善情况进行梳理和比较，探讨完善伏季休渔制度。结果表明，东海伏季休渔制度调整的特点是延长休渔时间、增加休渔作业类型及细化休渔海域，浙江省的特点是规定了“定置作业”和“帆式张网作业”伏季休渔时间、保护区休禁渔、针对特定生物资源的休禁渔及捕捞辅助船纳入休禁渔范围；与东海伏季休渔制度内容相比，浙江省在保护区休渔、保护特定生物资源休渔和捕捞辅助船实施休禁渔管理等方面具有突出特点，并为从建设海洋生物保护区、延长休禁渔时间、管理捕捞辅助船等方面完善伏季休渔制度提供了有益的启示。在常规性伏季休渔期基础上，提出设立终年渔业禁捕区、特殊鱼类资源休禁渔期、临时性休禁渔期等多元化海洋休禁渔制度的建议。