认知理论的跨学科整合：发展中的扎根认知论

摘要

Grounded cognition theory is a novel view,which was developed by Barsalou in 2008.From this view,the environment,situations,the body,and simulations in the brain＇s modal systems ground the central representations in cognition.The cognitive system utilizes the environment and the body as external informational structures that complement internal representations.In turn,internal representations have a situated character,implemented via simulations in the brain＇s modal systems,making them well suited for interfacing with external structures.There are four theories in this field,such as cognitive linguistics theories,theories of situated action,cognitive simulation theories and social simulation theories.Grounded cognition Theory is the first attempt of cross-disciplines integration of cognitive theories.On the one hand,the new cognitive theory posed a challenge for the traditional theories and promoted the development of cognitive theories.On the other hand,as a developing theory,there was still disagreement about the role of grounded mechanisms.Moreover,the current work was the relative lack of formal and computational accounts.And above all,the study of grounded cognition involved the cross-disciplines integration,which needed a longer course.%扎根认知论是Barsalou（2008）提出的一种认知观。他认为,环境、情境、身体和大脑模块系统中的模仿构成了认知中核心表征的基础。认知系统把环境和身体看作补充内部表征的外部信息结构。同时,内部表征具有情境化的特征,它通过对大脑中模块系统的模仿和执行,更好地与外部结构相匹配。扎根认知的理论包括：认知语言学理论、情境行动的理论和认知模拟理论。扎根认知是认知理论跨学科整合的一次尝试,它对传统理论提出了挑战,促进了认知研究的发展。同时,学者们对扎根认知机制的认识存在分歧,缺乏正式的理论,须进一步扩大资料收集范围。总之,扎根认知研究涉及跨学科的整合,需要经历一个较长的过程。