高效率窄带隙聚合物太阳能电池材料

摘要

With the rising costs of fossil fuel generated energy as well as its impending defeat to scarcity,people have begun searching for new ways of generating and producing energy.Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.It is a very effective means of energy and is practical for everyday use.Polymer solar cells（PSCs） have attracted considerable attention due to their unique advantages,such as low-cost fabrication process,light weight of device,simple process of production,and potential use in flexible devices.Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells,whose photoactive layer is composed of low band gap conjugated polymer donor materials and soluble fullerene acceptor materials,can greatly optimize the interfacial area between donor and acceptor.By far,this kind of PSCs has obtained a maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.3%.More investigations have been carried out to develop better photovoltaic polymer donor materials in order to improve the power conversion efficiency of PSCs.In this paper,we review the recent progress of low band gap conjugated polymer donor materials for high efficiency polymer solar cells.We put focus on the research progress of benzothiadiazole-,thiophene-,and pyrazine-containing low band gap conjugated polymers as well as their corresponding performance parameters of photovoltaic devices.The advantages and disadvantages of various low band gap conjugated polymers materials are also analyzed.Finally,the advances of low band gap conjugated polymers in high efficiency PSCs applications are prospected.%太阳能电池能够将太阳能直接转化为电能,是利用太阳能资源的一种非常有效的手段。聚合物太阳能电池因成本低、重量轻、制备方便和可制成柔性器件的优点,已经成为该领域的研究热点之一。基于窄带隙共轭聚合物给体/富勒烯受体复合材料体系制得的太阳能电池的最高转换效率已经达到8.3%,而寻找性能更优异的聚合物给体材料是进一步提高光伏性能的关键因素。本文综述了近几年关于高效率窄带隙聚合物太阳能电池给体材料的研究进展,着重介绍了苯并噻二唑类共聚物、稠环噻吩类共聚物和吡嗪类共聚物等窄带隙聚合物给体材料体系及相应光伏器件的性能,分析了各种材料的优点和不足,并对今后这一领域的发展做了展望。