N-卤胺类高分子与纳米抗菌材料的制备及应用

摘要

N-halamine antibacterial materials have aroused scientists' great interest due to their unique properties, such as powerful antibacterial activity, long term stability, effectiveness toward a broad spectrum of microorganisms, regenerability upon exposure to washing cycles, safety to humans and environment.In this review, recent development is summarized by discussing the synthesis and applications of N-halamine antibacterial polymers and N-halamine antibacterial nanomaterials.Three main approaches of preparation of Nhalamine polymers are given:polymerization of N-halamine monomers;grafting N-halamine monomers onto polymer surfaces;others (blending, coating, electrospinning, etc.).Antibacterial performance of N-halamine materials strongly depends on their surface area, and thus nano-sized N-halamines exhibit high antibacterial activity due to the large activated surface area.So the research progress and developing trend of N-halamine nanomaterials are emphatically introduced.The subsequent development and application prospect of N-halamine antibacterial materials are also discussed.%在诸多的抗菌剂中,N-卤胺类抗菌剂作为新型抗菌剂,具有高效、持久、广谱、可再生、无毒和对环境无污染等优点,是一种绿色环保高效的抗菌剂.因此,对N-卤胺类抗菌剂的研究受到广大学者的高度重视.本文综述了高分子N-卤胺和纳米N-卤胺抗菌材料的合成途径以及应用.高分子N-卤胺材料的合成主要包括三种方法:由单体聚合得到的高分子N-卤胺;N-卤胺前驱体接枝在其他高分子材料表面而形成的接枝聚合物;以及共混、静电纺丝、包覆等其他手段.对于N-卤胺抗菌材料而言,接触面积对其抗菌活性至关重要,纳米尺寸的N-卤胺抗菌材料具有非常大的比表面积,因而显示出更加优异的抗菌性能.本文着重介绍了纳米N-卤胺抗菌材料的研究进展和发展方向,并在分析N-卤胺基抗菌材料研究现状的基础上,对其开发和应用前景进行了展望.