海湾扇贝晚苗池塘底播及在褐潮暴发海区筏式养殖效果

摘要

The work of breeding bay scallop seedling has been studied in the past. The breakout of the brown tide in Hebei Area has brought significantly negative effects on the industry of bay scallop. To avoid the outbreak, the breeding of late seedling (parents bay scallop were put into seedling rearing room for breeding at the be beginning of April) and a chain of experiments concerning to bottom sowing culture in pond and longline aquaculture were carried out during 2012−2013. The results showed that the average shell length was 59.7 mm for the late seedling (with shell length 5.0−6.1 mm) after bottom sew into pond in June 2012 for 139 days cultivation. In 2012, after a longline aquaculture, the average wet weight, scallop adductor weight and adductor output rate of the late seedling were 28.7 g, 3.8 g and 13.8%, respectively. In 2013, after a longline aquaculture, the average shell height, wet weight and scallop adductor weight were 50.3 mm, 24.4 g and 3.1 g, respectively. The data suggest that the aquaculture of late seedling may reduce the expenditure of 45.5 t coal and 67.5 thousand Yuan per 1000 m3. These results also suggest that the planned delay may help to efficiently avoid the adverse effects of brown tide and may serve as a reference to the development of the whole bay scallop cultivation industry.%为有效避开河北地区褐潮暴发与海湾扇贝养殖时间的重叠，为海湾扇贝产业健康持续发展提供技术支持，对海湾扇贝进行晚苗培育(4月初种贝入室，以下称晚苗)及池塘底播和筏式养殖实验。结果显示，池塘底播海湾扇贝晚苗培育的稚贝(壳长5.0–6.1 mm)，经过139 d 的养殖，收获时平均壳长达59.7 mm，扇贝柱5.2 g。2012年筏式养殖海湾扇贝晚苗，收获时平均湿质量、鲜贝柱重和出贝柱率分别为28.7 g、3.8 g 和13.8%。2013年，晚苗收获时平均壳高、湿质量、鲜贝柱重和出贝柱率分别为50.3 mm、24.4 g、3.1 g 和12.7%。按1000 m3育苗水体计算，海湾扇贝晚苗培育可以节省燃煤45.5 t，节约成本6.75万元，养殖晚苗可以降低养殖成本11.6%。研究结果表明，海湾扇贝晚苗养殖技术可以有效规避褐潮暴发的不利影响，而且还可以节约养殖成本和节省能源。