冬播和春播育苗对党参苗栽产量和质量的影响

摘要

To determine the most appropriate time to plant Codonopsis pilosula ,an experiment comparing win-ter and spring sowing was conducted.Yield and quality of seedlings and soil water content were measured regu-larly after both sowing times.The results showed that the climatic condition in Longxi County is suitable for cultivating C.pilosula seedlings.Under both winter and spring conditions,the pattern of seedling emergence followed the typical ‘S’curve which was able to be modelled using a logistic regression.Higher soil moisture in the 0-20 cm soil layer in the winter sown field resulted in seedling emergence 6 days earlier compared with spring sowing and yield was increased by 47.8% with good seedling quality.In contrast,the emergence rate of seedlings in the spring-sowing field was 27.3% greater than winter sown but the seedlings were small and of poor quality.In conclusion,the seedling cultivating sown in winter was of great significance to avoid the spring drought,suggesting that the seedling cultivating methods sown winter and spring should be adopted in propor-tion in order to reduce the seed ablastemic risk when sown in spring caused by the severe drought tress.It is worth noting that when cultivating the plant seedlings whether sown in winter or spring the keeping-moisture measures should be promptly taken after sowing and the wheat straw is the perfect for the coverage.%在甘肃省陇西县首阳镇对白条党参采用冬播和春播育苗对比试验，通过定期测定土壤含水量、苗栽产量和质量指标，旨在揭示党参冬播和春播育苗效应的差异性，探寻其最佳播种季节，为党参规范化育苗操作提供科学依据。结果表明，陇西县气候条件适宜党参育苗。冬播和春播育苗条件下，党参种子出苗进程变化趋势均呈“S”型曲线，符合 Logistic 方程，快增期在春播后46～48 d。与春播田相比较，冬播育苗田0～20 cm 土层含水量高，党参种子提早6 d 出苗，苗栽产量提高47．8％，个体质量优异。春播育苗田出苗率较冬播田提高27．3％，但苗栽个体小，商品性差。以上说明，党参冬播育苗对规避春季干旱具有一定意义，建议党参规范化育苗按比例采用冬播和春播育苗方法，以降低春季遇严重干旱造成的春播种子不发芽的风险。值得注意的是无论是冬播，还是春播进行党参育苗时，播种后均应及时采取保墒措施，以覆盖小麦秸秆为佳。