20世纪80年代中期以来,劳动力跨地区迁移为中国经济增长做出了突出贡献,但移民进入可能"挤占"迁入地居民享有的公共品也令许多人深感忧虑.事实上,移民进入对迁入地公共品供给的影响同时存在负向的竞争效应和正向的财政效应,而移民进入对迁入地公共品供给的净影响取决于竞争效应和财政效应规模的相对大小.使用2000-2012年地级市数据的研究发现,移民进入显著增加了迁入地医疗卫生、基础教育、道路交通、人居环境等公共品的供给,说明移民进入影响迁入地公共品供给的财政效应大于竞争效应.进一步基于回归的财政效应估计显示,在控制了财政支出及其他变量之后,移民人口占比每增加10%,迁入地财政收入占GDP的比重将会提高约1.01个百分点.%Since the mid-1980s, the labor migration made an important contribution to economic growth in China.But because of worries about migration inflows, which may decrease the welfares of natives, there are discriminations of policy and public option against migrations.In fact, it causes both positive fiscal effects and negative competition effects on the provison of local public goods, which are caused by migration inflows.And its net impacts are determined by the balance between fiscal effects and competition effects.Using prefecture level cities' data from 2000 to 2012, the instrumental variables estimates indicate that migration inflows significantly increased the provision of public goods,such as medical and health care, basic education, road, transport and living environment, and it supports that fiscal effects weigh over competition effects.Furthermore, regression-based estimation indicates that, the proportion of fiscal revenue to GDP will increase by 1.01% when migration ratio increases by 10% after controlling fiscal expenditures and other variables.
展开▼
