The in-depth study of the territorial dispute between Russia and Japan is an important way to recog-nize the Russia-Japan relations as well as their prospects.In order to explore the root of the Russia-Japan ter-ritorial issues,we must return to the original period during which the two countries began to contact each other. In the 17-18th centuries,during the initial process of recognition,there were once many misunderstandings and confusions in special geographical concepts such as Sakhalin,Kamchatka Peninsula,Kuril Islands.It was in this benighted era of geographical knowledge that,Moscowvia,as the synonym for Russia,entered the Japanese historical records and was well known by Japanese.In the 18th Century,Russia carried out two Kamchatka ex-peditions,and put an end to the long period of chaos indisputably,but it also contributed to the Russia-Japan territorial dispute lasting more than two centuries.%深入研究俄日领土之争是认识俄日历史关系的重要途径，更是把握两国关系前景的关键。探寻俄日领土问题的根源必须回到两国发生接触的源头。17—18世纪，在俄日两国相互认识的过程中，一度曾对萨哈林、堪察加、千岛群岛等特定地理概念存在多种误解和混淆。正是在这种蒙昧的地理认识时代，“莫斯科维亚”作为俄国的代名词第一次进入日本史料，并为日本人所熟知。直到18世纪俄国的两次堪察加远征，才无可争议地结束了这个漫长、模糊且混乱的时期，但同时也造成了延续两个多世纪的俄日领土之争。
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