论地理因素对海权的影响

摘要

地理因素对海权的影响是一个尚未得到充分探讨的问题。无论是在马汉、戈尔什科夫等人的海权理论中，还是从近代以来各强国的海权实践中都可以看出，地理因素是一国发展海权至关重要的因素。影响国家海权发展的地理因素有：海陆位置、海岸条件、出海通道、海岸间的地理联系和海外基地或据点。不同的地理条件影响了各国海权发展的不同特点。中国作为典型的陆海复合型国家，地处东亚地区，背陆面海，且受岛链包围，又处于多个战略力量聚集之地，其海权发展势必深受地理因素的制约。对此，我们应该认清形势，以史为鉴，动态地研究地理因素的影响，克服不利因素，努力为我国海权的发展创造更好的战略条件。%Geographical factors’impact on nations’sea power is a question that has yet been sufficiently exam-ined.It is clear,however,that from practical perspective geographical elements indeed have essential influ-ences on the development of sea power in retrospect to the modern history of key players.The factors and ele-ments aforementioned include:maritime -continental position,conditions and features of seashores,estuaries and gateways to ocean,coast-to-coast connections,along with overseas bases and stations.China,facing the restrain of island chains and with a dual continental and oceanic identity,is located in East Asia which is the conjunction of several great powers.The characteristics determining development and extension of Chinese sea power will be affected by geographical factors.Thus,people should be soberly aware of the situation which Chi-na is exposed to while taking lessons from history,confronting the stumbling blocks ahead,and studying the in-fluence of geographical factors in a bid to create advantageous strategic conditions to help Chinese sea power grow.