Optical tests for the off-axis aspherics in optical processing and optical assembling were researched and the effect of adjustment errors on the wavefront aberration was analyzed. By taking an off-axis aspherics with the radiu of 10 000 mm, quadratic surface coefficient of -1, diameter of 500 mm and the lateral displacement of 425 mm for an example, the physical model and mathematical model to describe the relationship between the adjustment parameters and the wavefront aberration were esta-bished. The adjustment parameters included the pitch and high-low errors, beat and off-axis distance errors,and the rotating parameters around the secondary optical axis. The matlab software was used to simulate the influence of the wavefront aberration on the adjustment errors. Then, the experiments were performed to examine the simulation results. It shows that the the simulation results are well concident with the experiment ones, which proves the theory model in correct. The obtained results are also suitable for the test and alignment of other off-axis aspherics.%对离轴非球面在光学加工和后期装调阶段的光学检测进行了研究,分析了检测过程中调整误差对波前畸变的影响.以加工半径为10 000 mm、二次曲面系数为-1、口径为500 mm、离轴量为425mm的离轴抛物面为例,建立了各个调整参数对波前畸变影响的物理模型及数学模型,调整误差主要包括俯仰与高低、偏摆与离轴量及绕其子光轴旋转3组参数.应用matlab软件对调整误差对波前畸变的影响进行了仿真分析,对相应的仿真结果进行了实验验证.结果显示,仿真与实验结果一致性很好,证明了理论模型的正确性.分析得到的相应结论适用于所有离轴非球面镜的调整误差分析.
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