大型储罐内长储原油温度分布和变化规律研究

摘要

Study on the temperature distribution and change rule of oil in large tanks is important for operation safety and management of storage tanks. The two dimensional model for the change process of oil temperature in large storage tanks is established,and then the temperature change and distribution process of crude oil in tanks are simulated through the software called FLUENT. In addition, the temperature of oil in tanks on site is monitored for a long time. The results show that the average oil temperature change follows a one-year cycle and is mainly affected by air temperature. The change of oil temperature is found to lag behind that of air by about 50 days.During the temperature-rise period, oil temperature rises quickly from May to August,and the vertical distribution gradient of oil temperature in the upper storage tank increases gradually. During the temperature-fall period, oil temperature falls quickly from November to January,and the vertical oil temperature is equally distributed.The research deepens the understanding about temperature change rule of light crude oil that stored in large tanks at normal temperature for a long time, and storing oil under normal temperature for a long time without heating can be achieved. Meanwhile, energy consumption can be reduced and technical support can be provided for optimization design and operation safety of large floating-roof tanks.%大型储罐内油温分布及变化规律的研究对储罐的安全运行和管理具有重要意义。通过建立大型储罐内原油温度变化过程的二维模型，利用FLUENT软件模拟储罐内原油温度随气温变化的过程和分布情况，并对现场储罐进行长期油温监测。结果表明：平均油温以年为周期变化，主要受气温影响，油温变化滞后于气温变化约50天。原油升温过程中，5—8月升温速率大，油罐上部纵向油温分布梯度逐渐增大；原油降温过程中，11月至次年1月降温速率大，纵向油温分布非常均匀。该研究深化了对大型储罐内常温条件下长期储存轻质原油过程中油温变化规律的了解，可以实现长时间常温不加热储油，降低能耗，为大型浮顶罐的优化储存工艺设计和安全运行提供技术支持。