儿科护士遭受医院工作场所暴力及其上报的现况调查

摘要

[目的]了解儿科护士遭受医院工作场所暴力的发生及上报情况,探讨其影响因素,为预防及减少发生提供依据.[方法]对广东省18个地市区的52所医院的儿科护士采用一般资料调查表及工作场所暴力调查表进行横断面调查.[结果]964名调查对象中有588名(61.0％)1年之内遭受工作场所暴力,其中心理暴力发生率为60.0％,躯体暴力发生率为10.1％,性暴力为3.3％;不同医院等级、工龄、婚姻状况、独生子女的护士遭受工作场所暴力差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),不同医院等级、工龄、年龄、人事状况、婚姻状况的护士上报率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);独生子女、人事状况是工作场所暴力发生的影响因素,职称、人事状况是上报的影响因素;暴力发生与上报呈中到高度相关(r为0.622～0.840,P＜0.01),在护士站(57.2％)、操作不成功(72.8％)、护患沟通不良(69.7％)时常发生暴力;暴力发生后以口头报告(83.5％)为主,不知晓方法(45.3％)及不愿意(42.3％)导致未上报,56.7％护士会采取积极处理.[结论]儿科护士医院工作场所暴力发生率较高,以心理暴力为主,护士需提高沟通及操作技能,医院及主管部门应针对儿科护士采取培训预防及应对措施,减少发生及提高应对能力.%Objective:To investigate the occurrence and report status of pediatric nurses suffering workplace violence in hospital,and to explore the influencing factors,in order to provide the theory basis for its prevention.Methods:The general information questionnaire and the workplace violence questionnaire for cross-sectional survey were used for pediatric nurses from 52 hospitals among 18 cities in Guangdong province.Results:Among 964 participants,588 (61.0％) of them suffered workplace violence within one year,including 60％ psychological violence,10.1％ physical violence,and 3.3 ％ sexual violence.There was statistically significant difference in occurrence of nurses suffered with workplace violence in different grades of hospitals,length of service,marital status,and whether be the only-child in family (P＜0.05).There was statistically significant difference in reporting status of nurse in different grades of hospital,length of service,age,personnel status,and marital status (P＜0.05).Whether be the only-child in family and personnel status were the influencing factors of the occurrence of workplace violence.Occurrence and reporting of violence were highly related (r=0.622～0.840,P＜0.05).The violence occurred more often in the nurse station (57.2％),failed operation (72.8％),and poor communication (69.7％);83.5％ of them would report orally,45.3％ of them did not know how to report and 42.3％ did not want to report.56.7％ of nurses would take active treatment.Conclusions:The incidence of workplace violence was in a high lever suffered by pediatric nurses,mainly psychological violence.Nurses should improve the communication and operation skills,hospitals and departments should take training prevention and coping measures aimed at pediatric nurses,in order to reduce the incidence and improve the coping ability.