Magnetic confinement of thermonuclear plasma ions within a tokamak must be achieved with a finite number of toroidal field(TF) coils. This results in a rippled toroidal field structure, and consequent distortions in fast ion orbits with potentially rapid loss of the affected ions. The ripple loss is an important issue for the design of future tokamak reactors such as ITER because it results in reduced alpha heating as well as potentially severe localized wallreactors.
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