五千米海拔水切伦科夫探测器防冻研究

摘要

在更高海拔（大于5000 m）开展γ暴的水切伦科夫探测，可以使阈能降至50 GeV。但海拔5000 m处气候恶劣，水介质防冻是探测器稳定运行的最大难题。为此，在普玛江塘乡开展了小型水探测器实验研究水介质的防冻问题，实验表明采取一定的保温措施，可以使水探测器不结冰。并以傅里叶定律为基础建立了单元探测器的热交换模型，这一模型能很好地描述实验数据，预期了大型水切伦科夫探测器的温度变化曲线。%Searching for Gamma Ray Bursts( GRBs) with water Cherenkov detector at higher altitude ( more than 5000m) can lower the threshold energy down to 50GeV.However,due to the harsh climate at the 5000m alti-tude,freeze-proof becomes one of the serious challenges for the water Cherenkov detector.In order to study the water freeze problem a prototype of water Cherenkov detector has been built at Pumajiangtang in Tibet of China . The experimental results show that this problem can be solved by means of the heat insulation.Based on the Fourier law,a heat exchange model is built in this paper,which can not only repeat the experimental results well but also predict the temperature change curve of large water Cerenkov detector.