According to the type of minerals and mines, this paper has divided the mine ecological recovery patterns into four types, that is, subsidence ecological restoration pattern, tail mine environmental restoration pattern, environmental pollution area ecological restoration pattern, and home service ecological restoration pattern. The ifrst three modes lay the emphasis on restoring the production capacity of the land deterioration in mining areas with a view to producing better economic beneifts and ecological beneifts; while home service ecological restoration pattern can bring better ecological and social beneifts for mining areas. And then, this paper introduces the restoration methods of each type. In the subsidence area, the main methods include the tail mineral iflling, covering with trees and shrub-grass, facilities agriculture construction, water and soil conservation, livestock breeding, and dynamic subsidence land reclamation. The methods of comprehensive utilization of tail ore and afforesting the mountain of tail ore are good for the area of tailings sand accumulation. Bioremediation and ecological control are suitable to mineral smelting area with heavy environmental pollution. Leisure and entertainment, ecological village construction, ecological tourism, and mine park is, to be sure, not the best ways for life service zone.%根据开发的矿种和矿山类型不同,将矿山生态恢复实现模式划分为塌陷区生态恢复模式、尾矿山环境治理模式、环境污染区生态恢复模式以及家园服务生态恢复模式四大类型.前三种模式注重恢复矿区破坏土地的生产能力,以求能产生更好的经济效益和生态效益,而家园服务生态恢复模式,则能给矿区带来更好的生态效益和社会效益.针对塌陷区主要有尾矿石充填和林灌草覆盖、设施农业建设、水土保持、畜牧养殖和动态塌陷区复垦等实现方法;针对尾矿砂石堆积区,主要有尾矿石综合利用和尾矿石山绿化等实现方法;针对环境污染较重的选冶区,主要有生物修复、生态防治等方法;针对生活服务区,主要有休闲娱乐、生态村庄建设、生态旅游以及矿山公园等实现方法.
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