兰科植物共生胶膜菌:分类学、多样性、专一性和适应性

摘要

Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with Rhizoctonia-like fungi including those belonging to the families Tulasnellaceae,Ceratobasidiaceae and Sebacinaceae.Tulasnellaceae,a cosmopolitan family,showed coevolution and close relationship with orchid species.Newly emerged molecular technologies facilitated investigations on taxonomy and diversity of Tulasnellaceae.Specific symbiosis of Tulasnellaceae might limit the distribution and survivability of orchids.However,orchid-Tulasnellaceae associations were in favor of adjustment of survivability of some orchid plants.This plasticity in orchid-Tulasnellaceae association facilitates the ex situ conservation or propagation of orchids through mycorrhization of axenically grown seedlings.This review summarized the relationship between orchids and Tulasnellaceae in terms of taxonomy,diversity,specificity and plasticity.%兰科植物与丝核菌类真菌,包括胶膜菌科、角担菌科和蜡壳菌科等形成菌根共生体.胶膜菌科真菌作为最广泛分布的共生菌根真菌,表现出与兰科植物的协同进化与密切关系.除了形态学特征分析和比较外,分子技术促进了兰科植物胶膜菌的分类学和多样性研究.兰科植物与胶膜菌的特异性可能限制兰科植物的分布和移栽后的生存能力,但有些兰科植物与胶膜菌的共生关系会因为地理分布或环境变化进行调整,使植物更好地生存,这种适应性为实现无菌苗菌根化来促进兰科植物的迁地保护或繁殖提供可能.本文综述了兰科植物共生菌根真菌胶膜菌在分类学、多样性、特异性和适应性等方面的研究.