针对山丘果园复杂环境,又需大面积分区控制灌溉并集中管理的需求,研制了低成本、低功耗小型无线灌溉控制设备.设备嵌入PID控制、模糊控制和灰色预测控制相结合的控制算法,有效解决时滞现象,进行有效地预测作物的需水量,达到对系统的精确灌溉控制;同时硬件选用低功耗微控制器与双稳态电磁阀,避免信道拥塞,无线传输采用GPRS长距离和NRF2401的短距离相结合的通信方式,系统可准时开启电磁阀.运行测试结果表明,该系统与传统控制相比,超调量减少了22.5%,系统的调节时间减少了28.2%;验证了其在水肥浓度和肥量精量控制中,系统响应速度快和实时性好、稳定、无线通信可靠,提高了水肥灌溉效果.%According to complex environment in most mountain orchards and urgent demands of centralized management for zone control irrigation in large area,a low-power consumption and low-cost irrigation control equipment was developed. The con-trol algorithm combining PID control,fuzzy control and grey prediction control equipment is embedded in the equipment,which can effectively solve the time delay phenomenon,predict water requirement of fruit tree,and achieve the precise control of the irrigation. The low power microcontroller and bi-stable solenoid valve are chosen to avoid channel congestion. The wireless com-munication mode combining GPRS for long distances with NRF2401 for short distance is adopted,which can open the solenoid valve on time. The running test results show that,in comparison with conventional control systems,the overshoot of the system is reduced by 22.5% and the response time of the system is decreased by 28.2%. The system has high response speed,good real-time performance and reliable wireless communication,and has improved the water fertilizer irrigation effect.
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