巴西强化学前教育政府职责的时代背景与政策经验分析

摘要

近年来，巴西政府持续重视学前教育发展，强化学前教育的政府职责，重点制定并实施了一系列相关政策予以保障。巴西强化学前教育政府职责具有来自社会政治经济发展、教育发展，特别是学前教育事业改革与发展的多方面因素。巴西在学前教育领域保障与加强政府职责的政策经验主要有：凸显学前教育重要价值，规定学前教育基本原则；厘清联邦与地方政府学前教育职责，强化部门协作；明确各级政府学前教育财政投入责任及其分担比例；确保幼儿教师社会地位与工资待遇，强调专业化发展；明确国家学前教育质量标准。%Brazil is one of the largest population developing countries in the world,and it’s also the largest population country in Latin America,there’re distinguishing social,economic and educational characteristics of its own. The Article deeply analyzes the backgrounds and features of Early Childhood Education(ECE)policies in Brazil. It shows that there’re five distinct features:underlining fundamental natures of ECE and safeguarding ECE status;clarifying federal and local government responsibilities,and strengthening cooperation among governments and relevant branches of administration departments;guaranteeing ECE financial investment and stipulating investment ration of federal and local governments;raising ECE teachers’status and treatment,and improving ECE teachers’quality;paying more attention to ECE quality standards and increasing ECE quality of Brazil.