黄精种子萌发及出苗特点研究

摘要

目的:研究黄精种子休眠的特点,探索其萌发的适合条件.方法:按照种子检验规程要求测定了黄精种子的基本特性,包括千粒重、种子活力等.应用不同温度层积方法探索黄精种子萌发特征.同时测定了黄精种子抑制物对白菜种子萌发的影响.结果:黄精种子平均胚率为56.39％,浸种72 h的饱和吸水率为36.81％;新鲜种子、4℃湿沙和25℃干燥储存半年种子的种子活力率为100％、98.67％、96.67％;黄精种子及小球茎中存在不同程度的发芽抑制物;15、20、25℃层积的黄精种子均能萌发,但萌发时间、发芽率及萌发后发育情况存在差异,4℃层积种子不能发芽;种子萌发形成小球茎后进入休眠状态,4℃层积60 d处理后出苗率为93.33％.结论:黄精种子25℃可以正常萌发,但存在上胚轴休眠特性,需要一定低温打破休眠后才能出苗.%Objective:To study the dormancy characteristic of Polygonatum sibiricumRed.seed and explore the suitable condition for its germination.Methods:In accordance with the requirement of seed inspection rule,the basic characteristics of Polygonatum sibiricumRed.seed were determined including the thousand-grain weight,seed vigor and so on.The seed germination characteristics were explored by the temperature stratification.Also,the seed inhibition effect on germination of Chinese cabbage seeds was determined.Results:The average embryo rate of Polygonatum sibiricumRed.was 56.39％ and the saturated water absorption was 36.81％;The viability of fresh seeds was 100％,and the viability was 98.67％ and 96.67％ respectively after six months of storage at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃;There were different levels of germination inhibitors in seeds and small bulbs of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.;The seeds of Polygonatum sibiricumRed.can germinate at 15,20 and 25 ℃,but the germination time and rate were different at different temperature conditions;Seeds gone into dormant after the small bulb had grown to a certain stage.The emergence rate was 93.33％ after 60 days at 4 ℃.Conclusion:The seeds of Polygonatum sibiricumRed.could germinate normally at 25 ℃,but there were epicotyl dormancy and needed a certain low temperature to break dormancy before emergence.