赣北红壤坡地不同类型梯田减流减沙效益研究

摘要

In order to investigate development and management patterns on sloping land of red soil in northern Jiangxi Province,benefits of runoff and sediment reduction in different types of terraces were studied through a five-year period of field in-situ observation experiment.The results as follow①There were rich rainwater resources in the test area with uneven distribution of interannual rainfall where existed high flow and dry years.②All the different types of terraces could significantly reduce surface runoff.Benefits of runoff reduction were the greatest in bench terraces with ridge before and ditch behind while the worst in bench terraces with bare terrace wall.③Under the same conditions,namely vegetation coverage and growing grasses on terrace wall,benefits of runoff reduction in terraces tilting inwards were significantly better than in terraces tilting outwards.④Different types of terraces could obviously reduce sediment loss and had remarkable benefits of soil conservation and sediment reduction.The benefits of soil conservation and sediment reduction were the worst in bench terraces with bare terrace wall,but the best in terraces with ridge before and ditch behind and growing grasses on terrace wall which were worthy of promotion and application in the hilly area of northern Jiangxi Province.%为了探讨赣北红壤坡地的开发治理模式，选择5种不同类型梯田，通过5年的“外定位观测试验，研究分析了不同梯田类型的减流减沙效益。结果表明：①试验区雨水资源丰富，年际间降雨量分配不均，有丰水和枯水年之分。②不同梯田类型均能显著减少地表径流，前埂后沟水平梯田减流效益最好，而梯壁裸露水平梯田减流效益最差。③相同的植被覆盖和梯壁植草条件下，内斜式梯田的减流效益明显好于外斜式梯田。榆不同梯田类型均能显著减少泥沙流失量，有显著的保土减沙效益。梯壁裸露水平梯田的保土减沙效益最差，前埂后沟且梯壁植草梯田的保土减沙效益最好，值得在赣北丘陵区推广应用。