全球气候变化对全球自然系统和社会经济产生了显著的影响，近百年来的气候变暖已经成为既定的科学事实。目前，世界各国对于发展低碳经济、建设低碳城市及承担碳减排任务以应对气候变化的共识不断得到加强，在此背景下，低碳社会、低碳生活等理念为人们所广泛关注和推崇。本文综述了气候变化的科学事实、碳排放与城市化之间的内在联系；阐述了低碳经济、低碳城市、“脱钩”理论、环境库兹涅茨理论、生态足迹和碳足迹理论的理论内涵；评述了目前低碳城市发展水平的测度指标体系、计算方法和评价标准，重点分析了人均碳排放、碳生产率、碳排放强度和碳能源排放系数等城市低碳发展水平指标，以及DPSIR模型、生态足迹模型、主成分分析和层次分析综合模型等低碳发展水平评价模型。最后，提出了目前该研究领域存在的科学问题，展望了未来的研究重点和发展方向。% The climate warming in recent hundred years has been approved that global climate change effected obviously on global natural system and social economy. Under background of climate warming, the studies of low-carbon economy and low-carbon city had caused wide public concern. In this paper, the intrinsic relations between climate change, carbon emission and urban development were studied; the theory contents of low-carbon economy and low-carbon city were overviewed. The decoupling theory, EKC theory, ecological footprint and carbon footprint theories were used to analyze the response relations among economy development, resource environment and energy consuming. The current index system, calculation methods and evaluation criteria of low-carbon city measurement were analyzed. Per capita carbon emission, carbon productivity and carbon energy emission modulus were used to measure low-carbon city development index; DPSIR model, ecological footprint model, PCA model and AHP model were used to measure low-carbon city development level. These analysis methods supported theory study and practice of low-carbon city.
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