硫化镍矿生物浸出研究进展

摘要

Bioleaching technology is one of the effective methods to treat low-grade nickel sulfide ore. The research object of bioleaching technology on nickel sulfide ore mainly include bioleaching bacteria,mechanism,technology and influencing fac-tors. Common strains for nickel sulfide ore bioleaching and high efficient bioleaching bacteria developed in recent years were introduced. The bioleaching mechanism of nickel sulfide ore was analyzed. Nickel sulfide ore was dissolved under the combined action of both direct and indirect mechanism,meanwhile the galvanic effect also promote the dissolve of the ore,and research progress on bioleaching mechanism of nickel sulphide ore was reviewed. The affection methods of bioleaching process influence factors,including nutrient medium, slurry temperature, slurry pH, pulp density, surface active agent, etc. working on the low grade nickel sulphide ore was summarized. Research field including bacterial cultivation,microbial metabolism,bioleaching dy-namics,leaching strengthen technology and technological conditions optimized,etc. on bioleaching of low grade nickel sulphide ore should be promoted in the future.%微生物浸出技术是处理低品位硫化镍矿的有效方法之一。硫化镍矿生物浸出技术的研究对象主要包括浸矿菌、浸出机理、浸出工艺及影响因素等。介绍了硫化镍矿生物浸出常用菌种以及近年来开发的高效浸矿菌；论述了硫化镍矿生物浸出作用机制，即硫化镍矿微生物浸出是在直接和间接共同作用下被氧化溶解，同时也存在“原电池效应”引起的电化学氧化作用，在此基础上综述了硫化镍矿生物浸出机理的研究进展；总结了培养基、矿浆温度、矿浆pH值、矿浆浓度、表面活性剂等因素对低品位硫化镍矿生物浸出的影响；指出今后应从细菌培育、微生物代谢、浸出强化技术以及工艺条件优化等方面开展低品位硫化镍矿生物浸出技术研究。