父本表观基因组在早期胚胎发育过程中的功能作用

摘要

胚胎发育是一个复杂的动态变化过程，频繁改变的基因表达最终导致细胞分化和各种细胞系的形成。这些改变由特定细胞中表观遗传因子所调控。一直以来，人们认为父本表观基因组在胚胎发育中的作用范围很局限。然而，近期精子发生过程中表观遗传修饰的研究显示父本表观基因组在早期胚胎发育过程中具有重要作用。任一表观遗传标记建立和（或）维持的轻微异常均会影响早期胚胎发育过程。现主要综述DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰的功能作用，阐明了其在胚胎发育和男性不育中的作用机制，为胚胎植入前遗传学诊断提供一些基础材料。%Embryonic development is a complex and dynamic process with frequent changes in gene expression, ultimately leading to cellular differentiation and formation of various cell lines.These changes are regulated by the epigenetic factors in speciifc cells. The scope of paternal epigenome contributions during embryogenesis has long been considered limited. However, recent studies investigating epigenetic modifications in the spermatogenesis have provided new insights that paternal epigenome may establish a more critical role for the early developing embryo. Perturbations in the establishment and/or maintenance of any epigenetic marks have been demonstrated to affect early embryonic development. This review mainly focus on the functions of DNA methylation and histone modiifcations, elucidate the mechanisms in the regulation of embryogenesis and male infertility, which provides some basic information for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.