In recent yeats, invasive fungal infections( IFI ) have been increasing in the children who have primary immunodeficiency disease or various secondary immunodeficiencies. IFI has a high fatality rate, especially in hospitalized critically ill children, so we should pay much attention to the risk factors of IFI, conduct related imaging test ( such as chest CT scan ) and do fast and accurate laboratory testing as soon as possible,including microscope examination, fungal culture, polymerase chain reaction and serum antigen detection ( such as 1,3-β-D-glucan, aspergillus galactomannan, cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens, etc. ,upon which early diagnosis can be made. Effective part and species specific targeted therapies should be adopted ,including preventative therapy,empirical therapy, goal-directed therapy, in order to save the patients'lives.%对于有原发性免疫缺陷病及各种继发性免疫功能低下的儿童,尤其是危重的住院患儿,侵袭性真菌感染逐年增多,病死率很高.所以应该重视感染的高危因素,尽早作相关的影像学检查(如胸部CT扫描),并且结合各种快速、准确的实验室检测:标本的直接镜检,真菌培养;聚合酶链反应;血清抗原测定(如1,3-β-D-葡聚糖、曲霉半乳甘露聚糖、隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原等),综合分析,早期诊断.针对感染的不同部位和种属,采取有效治疗措施:预防性治疗、经验性治疗及目标性治疗,以挽救患者生命.
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