Under the function of various risk factors ( vessel wall injury, hemorheology changes, and blood components changes etc. ),imbalance between coagulation and anticoagulation in the systematic or local coagulation system results in arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, atrial thrombosis or microvascular thrombosis. When happening in arterial system ( such as cerebral and coronary arteries ),platelet thrombosus head is formed by the platelet fibrinogen cross - linking, then thrombin is involved, finally the fibrin network elements form the tail of arterial tail-red thrombosus; when happening in venous system,left and right atrium,then mainly red thrombosus are formed. Thrombosus at different positions are with different compositions,the molecular forming mechanisms are different too, so it is significantly important to perform anticoagulant or antithrombotic therapy according to different molecular mechanisms in clinical practice.%血液在多种危险因素(如血管壁损伤、血液流变学改变、血液成分的变化等)的作用下,体内全身凝血系统或局部凝血系统的凝血与抗凝平衡失调,导致动脉血栓、静脉血栓、心房血栓或微血管血栓的形成,这种失衡若发生在动脉系统(如脑动脉、冠状动脉),其主要由血小板通过纤维蛋白原相互交联形成血小板血栓的头部,进而凝血酶参与,最终纤维蛋白网络血液有形成分形成动脉血栓的尾部--红色血栓,失衡若发生在静脉系统、左右心房,则主要形成红色血栓.不同部位的血栓,组成成分不同,其形成的分子机制亦不同,故针对这些不同分子机制进行抗凝或抗栓治疗在临床实践中具有重要的意义.
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