重症手足口病流行病学特点及肠道病毒71型疫苗的研究进展

摘要

Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is mainly caused by intestinal enterovirus.It is a contagious disease that spreads mostly in children.Its transmission way is digestive tract,respiratory tract and close contact,especially with the highest incidence under the age three groups.The common HFMD generally deteriorates into severe condition in a short time with rapid progression,serious condition,poor prognosis and high incidence,which poses a serious threat to the health and safety of children.Among them,enterovirus 71(EV71)and coxsackievirus A16 are the main pathogens of HFMD.The main pathogen of severe HFMD is EV71.In recent years,severe HFMD is still popular nationwide,so it is particularly important to master its popular characteristics.The key to severe HFMD is prevention.At present,EV71 vaccines such as inactivated vaccine and attenuated live vaccine have been studied at home and abroad,but most of them are in stage Ⅳclinical trials. The future study of multivalent vaccines should be continued in order to prevent the occurrence of HFMD in a multidirec -tional manner.%手足口病主要由肠道病毒引起,是一种好发于儿童的传染性疾病,其传播途径为消化道、呼吸道和密切接触等,尤其以3岁以下年龄组发病率最高.普通手足口病转至重症手足口病时间短,进展快,病情重,预后差,发病率高,对患儿的身体健康和生命安全造成严重威胁.其中,肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A16型等是手足口病的主要病原体.而EV71为重症手足口病的主要病原体.近年来,重症手足口病在全国范围内仍流行,因此掌握其流行特点显得尤为重要.重症手足口病的关键在于预防,目前国内外已研究出如灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗等EV71疫苗,但大都在Ⅳ期临床试验.未来应继续研究多价疫苗,以多方位预防手足口病的发生.