上转换纳米材料及其在提高太阳能电池光电效率中的应用∗

摘要

上转换纳米材料在提高太阳能电池光电效率方面的应用主要通过提高上转换纳米材料的发光性能来实现。利用上转换纳米材料能将2个或2个以上的低能短波光子转换成高能可见光的特性，可以拓宽太阳能电池对光的响应范围，达到提升光电转换效率的目的。主要介绍了上转换纳米材料，包括其发光机制与基质材料的选择。回顾了在近阶段主要使用的热分解法、水热法等制备方法，分析了其他一些制备方法。着重介绍了上转换纳米材料在晶体硅太阳能电池和染敏太阳能电池中的应用。从提升上转换材料发光性的角度来讨论对太阳能电池的研究，并指出了未来上转换纳米材料在太阳能电池中应用的研究重点是利用异质离子掺杂、表面等离子体耦合与量子点敏化等手段提升上转换效率，而染料耦联上转换纳米材料、上转换纳米材料壳包覆等方法也具有很大发展潜力。%The application of up-conversion nanomaterial particles (UCNPs)in enhancing photoelectric efficien-cy in solar cells can be mainly realized by promoting the luminescence efficiency of UCNPs.UCNPs could convert two or more low energy photons into a higher energy photon which is visible,this property is utilized to realize the light re-sponse range of solar cells increasing which would reach to the aim of promoting the photoelectric efficiency.It men-tioned the luminescence mechanism of up-conversion and the selection of host matrix materials.The synthesis of UC-NPs as thermal decomposition synthesis,hydrothermal methods and other synthetic methods are reviewed.The appli-cation of up-conversion nanomaterials in Si solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells is emphasized.The trend to pro-mote up-conversion solar cells through the perspective of enhancing up-conversion luminescence is pointed out,mea-sures like heterogeneous ions doping,surface plasmon coupling and quantum dots sensitizing are highly recommended, and dye-conjugated,active-shell of lanthanides applied in core-shell structure may have huge potential for enhancing up-conversion luminescence in future research.