中子和伽马射线综合屏蔽材料研究进展

摘要

The main task for the nuclear shielding design is to block out neutron and γ-ray.Thereby,the radiation shielding materials which combine the shielding ability from neutron and γ-ray are the best candidates.This paper offers an elaborate descrip-tion of the types,substrate materials and performances of the currently applied neutron and γ-ray combined shielding material,and furthermore,roughly discusses the respective principal problems of these materials.We emphasize the crucial and urgent problem with respect to the mutual exclusion between shielding effectiveness and other performances (e.g.mechanical performance,heat re-sistant stability,etc.).Finally the review sketches out the prospect of the neutron andγ-ray combined shielding materials,suggesting that the development of structure/function integrated radiation shielding materials is one of the future trends.%核屏蔽设计的主要任务是屏蔽中子和γ射线,因此,兼具中子和γ射线综合屏蔽性能的屏蔽材料无疑是核屏蔽设计时的最佳选择.本文主要针对中子和γ射线综合屏蔽材料的种类、基质材料和性能进行了分析和综述,探讨了现有中子和γ射线综合屏蔽材料存在的主要问题,认为屏蔽材料的屏蔽性能与其他性能(如力学性能、耐热性等)之间的矛盾是屏蔽材料需要解决的关键问题.最后,展望了未来中子和γ射线综合屏蔽材料的研究方向,指出结构功能一体化屏蔽材料的研究应用是未来一大发展趋势.