磁性纳米颗粒作为基因递送载体的研究进展

摘要

基因递送是实现基因治疗的关键，基因的有效递送有赖于发展安全有效的递送载体。理想的基因递送载体应具备递送效率高、细胞毒性低、对正常细胞生理影响小以及易于使用和重复等特性。纳米材料独特的理化性质使其在药物和基因递送领域具有潜在的应用，尤其是磁性纳米颗粒，其兼具纳米效应和超顺磁性，是一种非常有应用前景的载体材料。然而磁性纳米颗粒的基因递送效率受多种因素的影响，包括纳米颗粒的类型、粒径、表面特性和外加磁场等。因此，为了能够进行有效基因递送，应综合考虑设计磁性纳米颗粒。目前，磁性纳米颗粒已经成功应用于基因的体外转染，成为细胞生物学研究的重要工具，然而，其在体内基因递送的应用方面还存在着诸多问题，有待进一步深入研究。%Effective gene delivery is critical for gene therapy and depends on the development of safe and effective deliv-ery carrier.Ideal gene delivery carrier should possess plenty of good properties, including high delivery efficiency, low cy-totoxicity, less effect on physiological function of normal cells, and ease of use and duplication.Nanomaterials have poten-tial applications in the field of drug and gene delivery due to their unique physical and chemical properties .Especially, magnetic nanoparticles ( MNPs) with nano-effect and superparamagnetic properties are very promising carrier for gene de-livery.However, gene delivery efficiency of MNPs is affected by multiple factors, including the types, sizes and surface properties of nanoparticles and external magnetic field , which should be considered synthetically for designing MNPs so as to achieve higher gene delivery efficiency.Currently, MNPs have been successfully used for in vitro gene transfection as a powerful tool in cellular and molecular biology.However, many problems about in vivo gene therapy of MNPs still exist, which remain to be further studied .