中国高技术产业“高产出、低效益”的症结与对策研究——基于技术创新效率角度的探索

摘要

By the multi-perspective measures of the performance of the China＇s High-tech industries＇ technological innovation activities associated with Enhanced Russell measure and Factor-specific Efficiency measure respectively,this study investigates the cruxes for and the countermeasures against ＂high outcomes,low benefits＂ in China＇s high-tech industries depending intensive innovation.The results show that the average efficiency level of technological innovation activities is poor and always decreasing year by year.The general returns to scale is poor and the ratio of the industries in most productive scale size shares is less than 1/3 of all observed industries.Besides,this paper shows that,for most of inefficient high-tech industries,the surplus degree in the expenditure input on the technological transfer is serious,and,meanwhile,there is much shortage of potential outputs in the sale revenue of new products and the output of inventive patents.So,improving the model of ST resources,enhancing the efforts of absorption and assimilation of imported technologies and strengthening the capacity of independent innovation,to increase or maintain the ratio of added value,are the rules by which China＇s high-tech industries go out of the state of ＂High outcomes,low benefits＂.%应用强化的Russell效率测度模型与单因素效率测度模型,对依赖密集技术创新投资为发展基础的中国高技术产业技术创新活动的过程绩效进行了测度,从技术创新效率角度探究其＂高产出、低效益＂不良发展态势的症结及对策。测度结果显示,中国高技术产业技术创新活动的整体相对效率水平不佳,且逐年降低;整体规模收益不理想,处于相对最优生产规模状态的产业不到1/3;多数生产状态相对无效的高技术产业在技术引进经费上投入冗余相对严重,而在新产品销售和专利产出上又存在较大的相对潜在产出不足。针对此症结,完善科技资源的配置方式、加强引进技术的吸收和消化力度、增强自主创新的能力,以提高或保持增加值率,是中国高技术产业从本质上摆脱＂高产出、低效益＂不良态势值得选择的发展路径。