航天器非火工释放装置研究进展

摘要

对国际上流行的非火工释放装置的研究状况进行了综述,按解锁驱动方式的不同,将其分为熔断释放装置、石蜡驱动释放装置、基于形状记忆合金的释放装置、电磁铁驱动释放装置和电机驱动释放装置5大类,分析了各类装置工作原理、性能特点和应用背景,指出各类装置的不足及其潜在的问题;基于形状记忆合金的释放装置和直流电机驱动释放装置的显著优势,将会成为未来的主要研究方向.对小型航天器上非火工释放装置的研制及发展趋势,做出了预测与展望.%The research status of some popular non-pyrotechnic releasing devices isreviewed. According to the unlocking actuation mode, 5 types of these devices are recognized: fuse-link releasing device, releasing device actuated by paraffin, releasing device based on shape memory alloy,releasing device actuated by electromagnet and releasing device actuated by motor.The operating principle,performance characteristics and application background of all kinds of devices are analyzed, and some defects and potential problems are pointed out. Due to the advantages of releasing device based on shape memory alloyand motorizedreleasing device, they are the main research direction in the future. The prediction and outlook for non-explosive releasing device on the small spacecraft are made on the researches and the future directions.